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1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Fluorine offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Fluorine at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
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3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Fluorine? Wrong! If the Fluorine is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Fluorine then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Fluorine? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Fluorine and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Fluorine wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Fluorine then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Fluorine site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Fluorine, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Fluorine, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
Fluorine (International Phonetic Alphabet: , , meaning "to flow"), is the
chemical element with the symbol
F and
atomic number 9. Atomic fluorine is
univalent and is the most chemically reactive and electronegativity of all the elements. In its elementally isolated (pure) form, fluorine is a
poisonous, pale, yellowish brown gas, with chemical formula F2. Like other
halogens, molecular fluorine is highly dangerous; it causes severe chemical burns on contact with skin.
Fluorine's large electronegativity and small atomic radius gives it interesting bonding characteristics, particularly in conjunction with carbon. See covalent radius of fluorine.
Notable characteristics
Pure fluorine (F2) is a corrosive pale yellow or brown gas that is a powerful oxidation agent. It is the most reactive and most electronegative of all the elements (4.0), and readily forms compounds with most other elements. Its oxidation number is a constant, at -1. Fluorine even combines with the
noble gases,
krypton, xenon, and radon. Even in dark, cool conditions, fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen. It is so reactive that
metals, and even
water, as well as other substances, burn with a bright flame in a jet of fluorine gas. It is far too reactive to be found in elemental form. In moist air it reacts with water to form also-dangerous
hydrofluoric acid.
In aqueous solution, fluorine commonly occurs as the fluoride ion F−, although highly diluted HF is such a weak acid that substantial amounts of it are present in any water solution of fluoride at near neutral pH. Other forms are fluoro-
complex (chemistry)es, such as −, or H2F+.
Fluorides are compounds that combine fluorine with some positively charged counterpart. They often consist of crystalline ionic salts. Fluorine compounds with metals are among the most stable of salts. The carbon-fluoride bond is covalent and stable, so that organofluorines are inert, in contrast to other organohalogens.
History
Fluorine in the form of fluorite (also called
fluorite) (
calcium fluoride) was described in
1530 by Georg Agricola for its use as a Flux (metallurgy) Fluoride History Discovery of fluorine , which is a substance that is used to promote the fusion of
metals or
minerals. In
1670 Schwanhard found that glass was etched when it was exposed to
fluorspar that was treated with
acid. Carl Wilhelm Scheele and many later researchers, including Humphry Davy,
Caroline Menard,Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Antoine Lavoisier, and Louis Jacques Thenard all would experiment with hydrofluoric acid, easily obtained by treating calcium fluoride (
fluorite) with concentrated sulfuric acid.
It was eventually realized that hydrofluoric acid contained a previously unknown element. This element was not isolated for many years after this, due to its extreme reactivity; fluorine can only be prepared from its compounds electrolytically, and then it immediately attacks any susceptible materials in the area. Finally, in
1886, elemental fluorine was isolated by Henri Moissan after almost 74 years of continuous effort by other chemists.
Fluorine (
International Phonetic Alphabet: , , meaning "to flow"), is the
chemical element with the symbol
F and atomic number 9. Atomic fluorine is univalent and is the most chemically reactive and electronegativity of all the elements. In its elementally isolated (pure) form, fluorine is a
poisonous, pale, yellowish brown gas, with chemical formula F2. Like other
halogens, molecular fluorine is highly dangerous; it causes severe chemical burns on contact with skin.
Fluorine's large electronegativity and small atomic radius gives it interesting bonding characteristics, particularly in conjunction with carbon. See covalent radius of fluorine.
Notable characteristics
Pure fluorine (F2) is a corrosive pale yellow or brown
gas that is a powerful oxidation agent. It is the most reactive and most electronegative of all the elements (4.0), and readily forms compounds with most other elements. Its oxidation number is a constant, at -1. Fluorine even combines with the noble gases,
krypton,
xenon, and
radon. Even in dark, cool conditions, fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen. It is so reactive that
metals, and even water, as well as other substances, burn with a bright flame in a jet of fluorine gas. It is far too reactive to be found in elemental form. In moist air it reacts with water to form also-dangerous hydrofluoric acid.
In aqueous solution, fluorine commonly occurs as the fluoride ion F−, although highly diluted HF is such a weak acid that substantial amounts of it are present in any water solution of fluoride at near neutral pH. Other forms are fluoro-complex (chemistry)es, such as −, or H2F+.
Fluorides are compounds that combine fluorine with some positively charged counterpart. They often consist of crystalline ionic salts. Fluorine compounds with metals are among the most stable of salts. The carbon-fluoride bond is covalent and stable, so that organofluorines are inert, in contrast to other organohalogens.
History
Fluorine in the form of
fluorite (also called
fluorite) (
calcium fluoride) was described in
1530 by Georg Agricola for its use as a Flux (metallurgy) Fluoride History Discovery of fluorine , which is a substance that is used to promote the fusion of metals or minerals. In 1670 Schwanhard found that glass was etched when it was exposed to
fluorspar that was treated with
acid.
Carl Wilhelm Scheele and many later researchers, including Humphry Davy, Caroline Menard,Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac,
Antoine Lavoisier, and
Louis Jacques Thenard all would experiment with hydrofluoric acid, easily obtained by treating calcium fluoride (
fluorite) with concentrated sulfuric acid.
It was eventually realized that hydrofluoric acid contained a previously unknown element. This element was not isolated for many years after this, due to its extreme reactivity; fluorine can only be prepared from its compounds electrolytically, and then it immediately attacks any susceptible materials in the area. Finally, in
1886, elemental fluorine was isolated by
Henri Moissan after almost 74 years of continuous effort by other chemists.
Fluorine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fluorine (pronounced /ˈflʊəriːn/, Latin: fluere, meaning "to flow"), is the chemical element with the symbol F and atomic number 9. Atomic fluorine is univalent and is the most ...
Fluorine in Manchester, Alan Brisdon's Research group
Alan Brisdon's Fluorine Research Group. This is the Home Page of Alan Brisdon's research group from the School of Chemistry at The University of Manchester, formerly UMIST.
ARGON : FLUORINE
FLUORINE is a system-level service providing access on each node, to each network interface on the node (be it an IPv4, IPv6, X.25, serial, etc. interface).
A K Brisdon Fluorine Chemistry Research at Manchester
Alan Brisdon, School of Chemistry, University of Manchester (formely UMIST), Research & Teaching: Fluorine Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, organofluorine chemistry, CFC ...
110GHz fT Silicon Bipolar Transistors Implemented using Fluorine ...
This paper investigates how fluorine implantation can be used to suppress boron diffusion in the base of a double polysilicon silicon bipolar transistor and hence deliver a record ...
fluorine - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about fluorine
fluorine. Pale yellow, gaseous, non-metallic element, atomic number 9, relative atomic mass 19. It is the first member of the halogen group of elements, and is pungent, poisonous ...
Fluorine (.Net Remoting) Open Source Flash
About - - CSS and Design by NikO OSFlash © 2005-2007 Aral Balkan. OSFlash, the OSFlash logo and mascot are trademarks of Aral Balkan.
Fluorine
Infomation on Fluorine general properties, states, energies, appearance and characteristics. ... reaction with air: none reaction with 6M HCl: vigorous, =>HF, OF2, ClF3 reaction ...
WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Fluorine | Essential ...
This WebElements periodic table page contains Essential information for the element fluorine ... Brief description: fluorine is a Group 17 element. Fluorine is the most ...
Fluorine Chemistry Group
Fluorine Chemistry Group. The Group, launched in January 2001, is a cross-Divisional Group of the RSC affiliated to the Science and Technology Board.
